In the post-September 11 geopolitical environment, Russia and the United States have drawn closer than ever before. Yet, even as Washington and Moscow profess to share the same aims in the global fight against terrorism, the two states remain competitors for influence in the Caucasus and Central Asia. This dichotomy raises many questions about the future strategic alignment of states in the region.

The May US-Russian summit in Moscow opened the door for further American involvement in CIS security affairs the CIS. A joint declaration by US President George W. Bush and Russian leader Vladimir Putin stated: "In Central Asia and the South Caucasus, we recognize our common interest in promoting the stability, sovereignty and territorial integrity of all the nations in this region."

In addition, the upgrade of Russia's relationship with NATO to the 19 plus one format – 19 members plus Russia – in a newly established NATO-Russia Council has lessened Moscow's objections to NATO expansion plans. And on a more practical level, the introduction of US and other Western troops into Central Asia, along with the presence of US military advisers in Georgia, has eroded the concept of Russia possessing a "near-abroad."

At no point does the Bush-Putin joint declaration mention the CIS, CIS