Kabul has since 2021 proven an unreliable customer. While regularly paying off part of its dues to Tajikistan, it has struggled to clear its debts outright.
The Bedel Pass is situated in a remote southeastern corner of Kyrgyzstan, sited roughly equidistantly from the Kyrgyz city of Karakol and Xinjiang’s Aksu Prefecture.
An updated version of Transparency International’s Corruption Perceptions Index shows Kazakhstan with 39 out 100 available points, a three-point increase on the previous edition.